What is executive function?

Executive function refers to the set of cognitive, behavioral and emotional processes that are necessary for managing daily life, including the ability to set goals, plan, focus our attention, remember information, manage time, and juggle multiple tasks successfully.

A wooden desk with a modern white lamp, a small glass vase with a purple flower, stacks of white notebooks, a closed laptop, a white notepad with a pen, and a beige chair in front of a plain wall.

  • Set and achieve goals

  • Estimate how long tasks will take

  • Plan ahead

  • Complete tasks within an allotted timeframe

  • Transition between tasks smoothly

  • Sustain focus on time-sensitive activities

  • Make informed decisions

  • Regulate behavior and emotions

  • Adapt to changing environments

  • Maintain healthy relationships

  • Perform well in academic settings

Effective executive functioning allows teens to:

Executive function is essential.

When teens struggle with their executive function, it leads to difficulties in various aspects of life, including:

  • Difficulty starting or completing tasks

  • Challenges with following multi-step instructions

  • Trouble prioritizing and managing time

  • Chronic lateness or forgetting important dates and events

  • Challenges with organization and planning

  • Keeping track of assignments, materials, and deadlines

  • Struggles with adapting to new situations or changes in routine

  • Difficulty keeping workspaces, homes, and digital files organized

  • Trouble transitioning between tasks smoothly